TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Abdominal Perineal Resection
A1  - Hunter, John G.
A1  - Spight, Donn H.
A1  - Sandone, Corinne
A1  - Fairman, Jennifer E.
Y1  - 2018
N1  - 
T2  - Atlas of Minimally Invasive Surgical Operations
AB  - Abdominal  perineal  resection  (APR)  of  the  rectum  and  sigmoid  is  used  for  the  removal  of  rectal  cancer  that  has  invaded  the  anal  sphincter  mechanism  or  is  too  close  to  the  anal  canal  or  too  large  to  perform  a  sphincter-sparing  resection  or  low  anterior  resection  (LAR)  (see  Chapter  52).  Most  patients  with  rectal  cancer  who  require  an  APR  will  also  undergo  neoadjuvant  therapy  with  chemotherapy  and  radiation  to  the  pelvis.  This  causes  a  special  problem  with  healing  in  the  perineal  incision  but  not  with  the  abdominal  portion  of  the  procedure.  Preoperative  radiation  to  the  pelvis  involves  the  sigmoid  colon  as  well  as  the  rectum,  and  therefore  the  sigmoid  colon  should  be  removed  routinely  with  the  rectum  and  anus.  By  definition,  a  permanent  colostomy  is  the  end  result  of  an  APR.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1162531844
ER  -