TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Systemic and Regional Therapy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors A1 - Dasari, Arvind A1 - Garris, Jeana A1 - Yao, James A2 - Morita, Shane Y. A2 - Balch, Charles M. A2 - Klimberg, V. Suzanne A2 - Pawlik, Timothy M. A2 - Posner, Mitchell C. A2 - Tanabe, Kenneth K. Y1 - 2018 N1 - T2 - Textbook of Complex General Surgical Oncology AB - Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are thought to arise from mature endocrine cells in the pancreas and/or pleuripotent stem cells that have the capacity to differentiate into endocrine and exocrine cells.1,2 Accumulating evidence also shows that PNETs are biologically and clinically distinct from other neuroendocrine tumors, NETs (i.e., carcinoids) and hence these tumor types should not be grouped together. The term carcinoid should also not be used to describe PNETs. PNETs comprise 1% to 3% of new pancreatic cancers but account for 10% of all prevalent pancreatic malignancies reflecting both the rarity of these tumors and also better prognosis as compared to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.3,4 An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 through 2007 showed the relative rarity of all NETs, comprising approximately 0.9% of the database, with PNETs accounting for 7% of recorded primary sites within NETs. The reported incidence of PNETs in the United States is 1.8 in females and 2.6 in males per million, with most occurring in the fourth to sixth decades of life.5 However, with better awareness and advanced diagnostic tools, the incidence of PNETs has been rising. The natural history and principles of management of PNETs are discussed in detail in Chapter 145. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/05 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145765252 ER -