TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma A1 - Finnerty, Brendan M. A1 - Zarnegar, Rasa A1 - Fahey , Thomas J. A2 - Morita, Shane Y. A2 - Balch, Charles M. A2 - Klimberg, V. Suzanne A2 - Pawlik, Timothy M. A2 - Posner, Mitchell C. A2 - Tanabe, Kenneth K. Y1 - 2018 N1 - T2 - Textbook of Complex General Surgical Oncology AB - It was not until the 19th century that Billroth, Kocher, Halsted, and others refined the thyroidectomy operation into a standard treatment for thyroid cancer with advancements in anti-septic technique, anesthesia, recurrent laryngeal nerve protection, and parathyroid preservation.1,2 In the first half of the 20th century, oncologic resection for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) commonly incorporated a “block dissection,” which sacrificed the sternocleidomastoid muscle, spinal accessory nerve, and marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve resulting in significant deformity. George Crile Jr. heralded a more limited dissection with successful oncologic outcomes, which sparked the on-going debates regarding extent of dissection, implications of neck metastases, and prognostic factors for risk stratification.3 As early detection of PTC increased by the 1980s with the widespread use of diagnostic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy, controversy regarding the management of smaller tumors grew. Furthermore, with the development of radioactive iodine as a successful adjuvant therapy, there has been considerable debate regarding specific indications for administration.4,5 Nevertheless, with these advancements, thyroid cancer has become a treatable disease and the stage has been set for development of modern-era treatments, particularly molecular-based targeted therapeutics. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/07 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145757416 ER -