TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - ESOPHAGEAL MYOTOMY, LAPAROSCOPIC A1 - Ellison, E. Christopher A1 - Zollinger, Robert M. Y1 - 2016 N1 - T2 - Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations, 10e AB - The manifestations of achalasia include chest pain, dysphagia, and in late situations malnutrition. Most patients have been treated for some length of time for the presumptive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease, however upon objective evaluation, the classic findings of aperistalsis of the esophagus and nonrelaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter are realized. Radiographic evidence may demonstrate long-standing disease and in some situations a dilated and distended esophagus. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127272257 ER -