TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Restrictive Disease of the Respiratory System A1 - Singer, Benjamin David A1 - Corbridge, Thomas A1 - Wood, Lawrence D. H. A2 - Hall, Jesse B. A2 - Schmidt, Gregory A. A2 - Kress, John P. PY - 2015 T2 - Principles of Critical Care, 4e AB - Scoliotic curves greater than 100° may cause dyspnea; curves greater than 120° are associated with alveolar hypoventilation and cor pulmonale.Biphasic positive airway pressure may be effective in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.Low tidal volumes and high respiratory rates likely minimize the risk of barotrauma during mechanical ventilation; however, gradual institution of anti-atelectasis measures may improve gas exchange and static compliance.Nocturnal hypoxemia is common and may contribute to cardiovascular deterioration; routine polysomnography is recommended.Strategies for management of patients with chronic ventilatory failure include daytime intermittent positive pressure ventilation, nocturnal noninvasive ventilation, and ventilation through tracheostomy.Acute deterioration in respiratory status can occur from disease progression, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, congestive heart failure, failure to clear secretions, atelectasis, aspiration, and pulmonary embolism.Most patients with chest wall deformity survive their first episode of acute respiratory failure.Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure have an extremely poor prognosis.If mechanical ventilation is deemed appropriate, the use of low tidal volumes and high respiratory rates during mechanical ventilation likely minimize ventilator-induced lung injury.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is typically refractory to pharmacotherapy.Lung transplantation is a viable option in selected patients with end-stage fibrosis. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1107719371 ER -