TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cardiac Evaluation in the Pretransplant Patient A1 - Lee, Alexander A1 - Al Anizi, Mashael A1 - Miyara, Santiago J A1 - Grayver, Evelina A1 - Stern, David L A2 - Molmenti, Ernesto Pompeo PY - 2023 T2 - Molmenti’s Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management, 2e AB - The failing kidney affects multiple organ systems in the body as it becomes ineffectual in clearing toxins, producing hormones, and metabolizing substrates. Frequently, the cardiovascular system is affected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), causing a burden of morbidity and mortality. More than two decades ago, Foley et al. had studied a USRDS data set and found that cardiovascular disease mortality is 10–20 times higher in ESRD patients compared with the general population after stratification for age, race, and sex.1 Cardiovascular events form a common cause of death in this patient group. In evaluating the cardiovascular system in patients yet to undergo a renal transplant, it has been shown that2: SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1194178851 ER -