TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Molecular Biology, The Atomic Theory of Disease, and Precision Surgery A1 - Feng, Xin-Hua A1 - Lin, Xia A1 - Li, Xinran A1 - Yu, Juehua A1 - Nemunaitis, John A1 - Brunicardi, F. Charles A2 - Brunicardi, F. Charles A2 - Andersen, Dana K. A2 - Billiar, Timothy R. A2 - Dunn, David L. A2 - Kao, Lillian S. A2 - Hunter, John G. A2 - Matthews, Jeffrey B. A2 - Pollock, Raphael E. PY - 2019 T2 - Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 11e AB - Key Points The biologic sciences have developed drastically in the last 66 years after the uncovering of DNA structure by Watson and Crick. The completion of the human genome sequence in 2003 represents a great milestone in modern science. The technology emerging from molecular and cellular biology has revolutionized the understanding of disease and will radically transform the practice of surgery. The use of genetically modified mouse models and cell lines using gene therapy and RNA interference therapy has greatly contributed to the understanding of the molecular basis for human diseases and targeted therapies. The sequencing of each individual’s genome has the potential to improve the predication, prevention, and targeted treatment of disease, resulting in precision medicine and surgery. Fast-developing targeted genome editing tools like the CRISPR-Cas9 system greatly facilitate biomedical research in native conditions and have shown their potential in the treatment of genetic diseases, including cancers, with a high degree of personalization and precision. The use of functional genomics and modern molecular analyses will facilitate the discovery of actionable genes to guide choice of care, including precision surgery. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/18 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175965319 ER -