TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pediatric Trauma A1 - D. Bensard, Denis A2 - Feliciano, David V. A2 - Mattox, Kenneth L. A2 - Moore, Ernest E. PY - 2020 T2 - Trauma, 9e AB - KEY POINTSInjuries are the leading cause of death in the United States for persons age 1 to 19 years and the fifth leading cause of death for newborns and infants age less than 1 year.The Broselow emergency tape or Pediatric Advanced Weight Prediction in the Emergency Room (PAWPER) provide estimated weight of a child using length-based estimation without (Broselow) or with (PAWPER) adjustment for body habitus.The Shock Index, Pediatric Age-Adjusted (SIPA) identifies injured children with high injury severity, need for blood transfusion within the first 24 hours, and increased in-hospital mortality.Criteria to activate a massive transfusion protocol in injured children may include 20 mL/kg of packed red blood cells in the first hour or anticipated blood loss greater than one-half blood volume in 12 hours or greater than one blood volume in 24 hours.The motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) alone identifies a child with a serious traumatic brain injury.In general, the presence of free fluid on a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination is an indication for computed tomography imaging in a stable injured child.Spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality is particularly hazardous because children may only present with transient neurologic findings, but then go on to develop neurologic deficits hours to days after the initial injury.Children with two or more rib fractures are more likely to require a thoracostomy tube, thoracotomy, thoracoscopy, and/or laparotomy.For a child with an injury to a solid organ in the abdomen, the success of nonoperative management approaches 95%.Suspicion of child abuse should be raised if there is a discrepancy between the history and the extent of injury, if there are explanations that do not fit, or if the amount of time between the incident and presentation for medical attention is significant. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175135188 ER -