TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Adrenal Anatomy and Physiology A1 - Harris, David A1 - Ruan, Daniel A2 - Zinner, Michael J. A2 - Ashley, Stanley W. A2 - Hines, O. Joe PY - 2019 T2 - Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e AB - The adrenal glands are paired retroperitoneal organs superomedial to the kidneys at the level of the 12th rib. They are surrounded by loosely attached fat posteriorly to diaphragmatic muscle. This fat can obscure the visualization and identification of adrenal tumors. Left-sided adrenal tumors lie adjacent to and can invade the spleen, pancreas tail, liver, kidney, or renal hilum. If not careful, it is possible to mistake the tail of the pancreas for the left adrenal gland given the similar texture and size. Right-sided adrenal tumors lie adjacent to and can invade the liver or inferior vena cava (IVC). SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160046541 ER -