TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis A1 - Teitelbaum, Ezra N. A1 - Soper, Nathaniel J. A2 - Zinner, Michael J. A2 - Ashley, Stanley W. A2 - Hines, O. Joe PY - 2019 T2 - Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e AB - Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the United States, with over 700,000 procedures performed each year.1 Open cholecystectomy, first performed by Carl Langenbuch in 1882, had been the primary treatment of gallbladder disease through the early 1990s.2 In 1985, the first endoscopic cholecystectomy was performed by Erich Mühe of Böblingen, Germany. Shortly thereafter, pioneers in France and the United States coupled a video camera with a laparoscope to allow the surgeon and the entire surgical team to more easily view the operative field and performed cholecystectomies with laparoscopic equipment. Since then, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been adopted around the world, and subsequently been recognized as the gold standard for the treatment of gallstone disease.3,4 The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the United States was performed in 1988, and by 1992, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference stated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy provides a safe and effective treatment for most patients with symptomatic gallstones.5 Currently, it is estimated that approximately 90% of cholecystectomies in the United States are performed using a laparoscopic approach.6 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160044752 ER -