TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Gastrointestinal Bleeding
A1  - Sheu, Eric G.
A1  - Tavakkoli, Ali
A2  - Zinner, Michael J.
A2  - Ashley, Stanley W.
A2  - Hines, O. Joe
PY  - 2019
T2  - Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e
AB  - Acute  gastrointestinal  (GI)  bleeding  is  a  common  problem  causing  significant  morbidity  and  mortality.  The  source  of  GI  bleeding  can  be  anywhere  in  the  GI  tract,  from  the  esophagus  to  the  rectum.  GI  bleeding  is  classified  into  upper  or  lower  bleeding  based  on  the  site  of  bleeding  relative  to  the  ligament  of  Treitz.  Upper  GI  hemorrhage  occurs  from  sites  proximal  to  the  ligament  of  Treitz  and  accounts  for  more  than  80%  of  acute  bleeding.1  Lower  GI  bleeding  originates  distal  to  the  ligament  of  Treitz,  most  commonly  from  the  colon.  The  small  intestine  is  the  site  of  bleeding  in  less  than  5%  of  patients.1  Hemorrhage  persisting  or  recurring  after  negative  endoscopy  is  termed  obscure  bleeding.  Occasionally  patients  present  with  occult  bleeding,  where  there  are  no  signs  of  overt  bleeding  but  only  symptoms  of  chronic  blood  loss  anemia.  In  all  cases,  thorough  investigation  to  localize  the  source  of  bleeding  allows  rapid  and  often  definitive  management.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2023/03/29
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160038832
ER  -