TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - SPLENECTOMY A1 - Ellison, E. Christopher A1 - Zollinger, Robert M. PY - 2016 T2 - Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations, 10e AB - The most common indications for splenectomy are irreparable traumatic rupture and hematologic disorders. In splenic injury, nonoperative protocols result in a significant improvement in splenic salvage in both children and adults. However, in severe splenic injury, particularly in severe multisystem trauma, splenectomy is indicated. In some cases, splenic salvage is warranted. The most common hematologic disorders requiring splenectomy include immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and hereditary spherocytosis. Prior to splenectomy, clinical evaluation should be performed by an experienced hematologist and a bone marrow biopsy may be necessary to exclude unexpected bone marrow disorders not improved by splenectomy. Whereas in the past emergency splenectomy may have been occasionally needed in severe thrombocytopenia associated with hemorrhagic complications, today this is almost never needed, as nearly all patients will have improvement in platelet counts in response to steroids, intravenous immune globulin or Rho D immune globulin (winrho). Splenectomy may be indicated in cysts and tumors. Symptomatic benefit may follow splenectomy in certain other conditions, such as secondary hypersplenism, Felty’s syndrome, Banti’s syndrome, Boeck’s sarcoid, or Gaucher’s disease. In these latter patients, the surgeon should work in consultation with an experienced hematologist and medical specialists. In the past either total or partial splenectomy was indicated as part of the procedure of “staging” to determine the extent of Hodgkin’s disease. Historically stage I and II Hodgkin’s disease, traditionally, those patients who are considered candidates for primary radiation therapy, would undergo staging laparotomy (pathologic staging) to rule out definitively the presence of occult subdiaphragmatic disease. An appreciation of the risks of laparotomy and a recognition of the effectiveness of salvage chemotherapy in patients who fail primary radiation therapy have permitted the increased use of clinical staging as the basis for treatment of these patients. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/06 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127273768 ER -