TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION, OPEN A1 - Ellison, E. Christopher A1 - Zollinger, Robert M. PY - 2016 T2 - Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations, 10e AB - Common bile duct exploration should be performed in all patients with common bile duct stones who have either failed, or are not candidates for, endoscopic therapy and who do not have medical conditions that prohibit surgical intervention. Alternative therapies, such as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and dissolving solutions, are not widely available and have limited efficacy. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTHC), electrohydraulic lithotripsy, and laser lithotripsy may be useful in a small number of selected patients who are not candidates for surgery or endoscopic therapy. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, open common bile duct exploration, and postoperative ERCP with stone removal are all options for the treatment of common bile duct stones identified by intraoperative cholangiography and decision making should be guided by patient-specific considerations, training and experience of the surgeon, and available endoscopic expertise. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127273252 ER -