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FIGURE 112-152

Duplicated IVC in a live kidney donor. Note the left common iliac vein (pink arrow), the left-sided IVC (yellow arrows), the aorta (red arrows), the right-sided IVC (white arrows), the left-sided IVC as it crosses over (green arrows) to join the right-sided IVC prior to its retro-hepatic course, and the left renal vein (light blue arrow). A duplicated IVC has a reported incidence of <0.3% to 3%, and occurs when the embryological communication between the left sacro-iliac and left sub-cardinal veins remains patent.

FIGURE 112-153

Duplicated IVC in a live kidney donor. Note the left common iliac vein (pink arrow), the left-sided IVC (yellow arrows), the aorta (red arrows), the right-sided IVC (white arrows), the left-sided IVC as it crosses over (green arrows) to join the right-sided IVC prior to its retro-hepatic course, and the left renal vein (light blue arrow). A duplicated IVC has a reported incidence of <0.3% to 3%, and occurs when the embryological communication between the left sacro-iliac and left sub-cardinal veins remains patent.

FIGURE 112-154

Duplicated IVC in a live kidney donor. Note the left common iliac vein (pink arrow), the left-sided IVC (yellow arrows), the aorta (red arrows), the right-sided IVC (white arrows), the left-sided IVC as it crosses over (green arrows) to join the right-sided IVC prior to its retro-hepatic course, and the left renal vein (light blue arrow). A duplicated IVC has a reported incidence of <0.3% to 3%, and occurs when the embryological communication between the left sacro-iliac and left sub-cardinal veins remains patent.

FIGURE 112-155

Duplicated IVC in a live kidney donor. Note the left common iliac vein (pink arrow), the left-sided IVC (yellow arrows), the aorta (red arrows), the right-sided IVC (white arrows), the left-sided IVC as it crosses over (green arrows) to join the right-sided IVC prior to its retro-hepatic course, and the left renal vein (light blue arrow). A duplicated IVC has a reported incidence of <0.3% to 3%, and occurs when the embryological communication between the left sacro-iliac and left sub-cardinal veins remains patent.

FIGURE 112-156

Duplicated IVC in a live kidney donor. Note the left common iliac vein (pink arrow), the left-sided IVC (yellow arrows), the aorta (red arrows), the right-sided IVC (white arrows), the left-sided IVC as it crosses over (green arrows) to join the right-sided IVC prior to its retro-hepatic course, and the left renal vein (light blue arrow). A duplicated IVC has a reported incidence of <0.3% to 3%, and occurs when the embryological communication between the left sacro-iliac and left sub-cardinal veins remains patent.

FIGURE 112-157

CT reconstruction (Figure 112-157) and intra-operative ...

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