Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + • Elevated serum potassium +++ Epidemiology + • Severe trauma• Burns• Crush injuries• Renal insufficiency• Marked catabolism• Addison disease +++ Symptoms and Signs + • Nausea• Vomiting• Colicky abdominal pain• Diarrhea +++ Laboratory Findings + • Elevated serum potassium• Peaked T waves• Wide QRS• Depressed ST segment + • Addison disease +++ Rule Out + • Hemolysis• Leukocytosis• Thrombocytosis (> 1,000,000/µL• Abnormalities of acid-base status (acidosis)• Addison disease + • Serum electrolytes• CBC with platelets + • IV 100 mL D50 with 20 U regular insulin• IV NaHCO3• IV calcium• Sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally or by enema (40-80 g/d)• Hemodialysis• β-Agonists (inhaled) +++ Medications + • D50/insulin• Calcium• Sodium polystyrene sulfonate• NaHCO3• Albuterol +++ Treatment Monitoring + • Serum electrolytes• ECG +++ Complications + • Diastolic cardiac arrest +++ Prognosis + • Excellent +++ References ++Greenberg A. Hyperkalemia: treatment options. Semin Nephrol. 1998;18:46. [PubMed: 9459288] ++Mahoney BA. et al. Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005, (2):CD003235. Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth