Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + • Hypoxemia• Hypercarbia• Pulmonary edema (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure < 18 mm Hg)• Absence of other causes +++ Epidemiology + • Often follows shock/trauma/sepsis +++ Symptoms and Signs + • Hypoxemia• Hypercarbia +++ Imaging Findings + • Diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates + • Typically follows shock and either trauma or sepsis• ARDS typically develops 24 h after the resuscitation from the initial insult• Diagnosis may be complicated by the presence of other potential causes of hypoxemia + • ABG measurements• Chest films + • Ventilator management (positive end-expiratory pressure, inspiratory reserve volume)• Diuresis• Treatment of inciting cause• Transfusion• Proning +++ Treatment Monitoring + • Invasive monitoring (pulmonary artery catheter)• Serial arterial blood gas measurements +++ Prognosis + • Determined by etiology +++ References ++Bulger EM et al. Current clinical options for the treatment and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Trauma. 2000;48:562. [PubMed: 10744307] ++The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network: Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1301. ++Chastre J et al: Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003;290:2588. [PubMed: 14625336] Your Access profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth