• Spigelian hernia: Pain and abdominal wall bulge at the lateral edge of the rectus muscle at the level of the umbilicus
• Lumbodorsal hernia: Persistent flank bulge (hernia sac usually filled with retroperitoneal fat)
• Obturator hernia: Pelvic sidewall mass appreciated on rectal or pelvic exam; pain extending down medial aspect of the thigh on abduction, extension, or internal rotation of the knee indicates a positive Howship-Romberg sign
• Perineal hernia: Typically manifests as easily reducible perineal bulges but may also include pain, dysuria, bowel obstruction, or perineal skin breakdown
• Interparietal hernia: Abdominal wall mass that occurs primarily or in the setting of a muscle-splitting appendectomy incision; this hernia defect is often confused with an abdominal wall tumor
• Sciatic hernia: Rarely appreciated externally; bowel obstruction is usually presenting symptom, and the hernia defect is discovered during abdominal exploration
• Traumatic hernia: Ecchymosis and abdominal wall bulge detected in the setting of significant blunt abdominal trauma
• Supravesicular hernia: Laterally displaced suprapubic mass associated with urinary or bowel obstruction symptoms