1. Moraes-Filho J, Cecconello I, Gama-Rodrigues J, et al. Brazilian consensus on gastroesophageal reflux disease: proposals for assessment, classification, and management.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(2):241–248.
[PubMed: 11866257]
2. Fass R, Tougas G. Functional heartburn: the stimulus, the pain, and the brain. Gut. 2002 Dec;51(6):885–892.
3. Hoppo T, Immanuel A, Schuchert M, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication 2.0 procedure using EsophyX for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(12):1895–1901.
[PubMed: 20878257]
4. Watson DI, Immanuel A. Endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Apr;4(2):235–243.
5. Shaker R, Castell DO, Schoenfeld PS, Spechler SJ. Nighttime heartburn is an under-appreciated clinical problem that impacts sleep and daytime function: the results of a Gallup survey conducted on behalf of the American Gastroenterological Association.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(7):1487–1493.
[PubMed: 12873567]
6. DeMeestre TR, O'Sullivan GC, Bermudez G, Midell AI, Cimochowski GE, O'Drobinak J. Esophageal function in patients with angina-type chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. Ann Surg. 1982;196(4):488–498.
7. Hirano I, Richter JE. ACG practice guidelines: esophageal reflux testing.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(3):668–685.
[PubMed: 17335450]
8. Pandolfino JE, Richter JE, Ours T, Guardino JM, Chapman J, Kahrilas PJ. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless system.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(4):740–749.
[PubMed: 12738450]
9. Zaninotto G, DeMeester TR, Schwizer W, Johansson KE, Cheng SC. The lower esophageal sphincter in health and disease.
Am J Surg. 1988;155(1):104–111.
[PubMed: 3341525]
10. Hakanson BS, Berggren P, Granqvist S, Ljungqvist O, Thorell A. Comparison of wireless 48-h (Bravo) versus traditional ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring.
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(3): 276–283.
[PubMed: 19040176]
11. Bremner RM, DeMeester TR, Crookes PF, et al. The effect of symptoms and nonspecific motility abnormalities on outcomes of surgical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;107(5):1244–1249; discussion 1249–1250.
[PubMed: 8176967]
12. Johnson LF, DeMeester TR. Development of the 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring composite scoring system. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1986;8(suppl 1):52–58.
13. Diener U, Patti MG, Molena D, Fisichella PM, Way LW. Esophageal dysmotility and gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastrointest Surg. 2001 May–Jun;5(3):260–265.
14. Patti MG, Gasper WJ, Fisichella PM, Nipomnick I, Palazzo F. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and connective tissue disorders: pathophysiology and implications for treatment.
J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12(11):1900–1906.
[PubMed: 18766408]
15. Meneghetti AT, Tedesco P, Damani T, Patti MG. Esophageal mucosal damage may promote dysmotility and worsen esophageal acid exposure. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005 Dec;9(9):1313–1317.
16. Domsic R, Fasanella K, Bielefeldt K. Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis.
Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(5):1163–1174.
[PubMed: 17934861]
17. Mittal RK, Rochester DF, McCallum RW. Electrical and mechanical activity in the human lower esophageal sphincter during diaphragmatic contraction.
J Clin Invest. 1988;81(4):1182–1189.
[PubMed: 3350968]
18. Richter JE, Wu WC, Johns DN, et al. Esophageal manometry in 95 healthy adult volunteers. Variability of pressures with age and frequency of “abnormal” contractions.
Dig Dis Sci. 1987;32(6):583–592.
[PubMed: 3568945]
19. Fuchs KH, DeMeester TR, Albertucci M. Specificity and sensitivity of objective diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surgery. 1987 Oct;102(4):575–580.
20. Schwizer W, Hinder RA, DeMeester TR. Does delayed gastric emptying contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Am J Surg. 1989;157(1): 74–81.
[PubMed: 2910130]
21. Stein HJ, Barlow AP, DeMeester TR, Hinder RA. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Role of the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal acid and acid/alkaline exposure, and duodenogastric reflux. Ann Surg. 1992 Jul;216(1):35–43.
22. Fiorucci S, Santucci L, Chiucchiu S, Morelli A. Gastric acidity and gastroesophageal reflux patterns in patients with esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 1992 Sep;103(3):855–861.
23. Fletcher J, Wirz A, Young J, Vallance R, McColl KE. Unbuffered highly acidic gastric juice exists at the gastroesophageal junction after a meal. Gastroenterology. 2001 Oct;121(4):775–783.
24. Harmon JW, Johnson LF, Maydonovitch CL. Effects of acid and bile salts on the rabbit esophageal mucosa.
Dig Dis Sci. 1981;26(1):65–72.
[PubMed: 7460707]
25. Shay S, Tutuian R, Sifrim D, et al. Twenty-four hour ambulatory simultaneous impedance and pH monitoring: a multicenter report of normal values from 60 healthy volunteers.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(6): 1037–1043.
[PubMed: 15180722]
26. Venables TL, Newland RD, Patel
AC, Hole J, Wilcock C, Turbitt ML.
Omeprazole 10 milligrams once daily,
omeprazole 20 milligrams once daily, or
ranitidine 150 milligrams twice daily, evaluated as initial therapy for the relief of symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in general practice.
Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(10):965–973.
[PubMed: 9361167]
27. Bajbouj M, Becker V, Neuber M, Schmid RM, Meining A. Combined pH-metry/impedance monitoring increases the diagnostic yield in patients with atypical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.
Digestion. 2007;76(3–4):223–228.
[PubMed: 18174685]
28. Marshall RE, Anggiansah A, Owen WJ. Bile in the oesophagus: clinical relevance and ambulatory detection.
Br J Surg. 1997;84(1):21–28.
[PubMed: 9043441]
29. de Caestecker JS. Measuring duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR). EurEur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997;9(12):1141–1143.
30. Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Synergism of acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux in complicated Barrett's esophagus.
Surgery. 1995;117(6):699–704.
[PubMed: 7778033]
31. Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Role of acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. 1996 Nov;111(5): 1192–1199.
32. Bonavina L, DeMeester TR, McChesney L, Schwizer W, Albertucci M, Bailey RT. Drug-induced esophageal strictures. Ann Surg. 1987 Aug;206(2):173–183.
33. Mainie I, Tutuian R, Shay S, et al. Acid and non-acid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy: a multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring.
Gut. 2006;55(10):1398–1402.
[PubMed: 16556669]
34. Bais JE, Samsom M, Boudesteijn EA, van Rijk PP, Akkermans LM, Gooszen HG. Impact of delayed gastric emptying on the outcome of antireflux surgery. Ann Surg. 2001 Aug;234(2):139–146.
35. Sontag SJ, O'Connell S, Khandelwal S, et al. Asthmatics with gastroesophageal reflux: long term results of a randomized trial of medical and surgical antireflux therapies.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(5):987–999.
[PubMed: 12809818]
36. Raghu G, Freudenberger TD, Yang S, et al. High prevalence of abnormal acid gastro-oesophageal reflux in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Eur Respir J. 2006;27(1):136–142.
[PubMed: 16387946]
37. Button BM, Roberts S, Kotsimbos
TC, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux (symptomatic and silent): a potentially significant problem in patients with cystic fibrosis before and after lung transplantation.
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24(10):1522–1529.
[PubMed: 16210125]
38. Ruth M, Carlsson S, Mansson I, Bengtsson U, Sandberg N. Scintigraphic detection of gastropulmonary aspiration in patients with respiratory disorders.
Clin Physiol. 1993;13(1):19–33.
[PubMed: 8382143]
39. Lopes FD, Alvarenga GS, Quiles R, et al. Pulmonary responses to tracheal or esophageal acidification in guinea pigs with airway inflammation. J Appl Physiol. 2002 Sep;93(3):842–847.
40. Lang IM, Haworth ST, Medda BK, Roerig DL, Forster HV, Shaker R. Airway responses to esophageal acidification. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294(1):R211–R219.
41. Dor J, Humbert P, Paoli JM, Miorclerc M, Aubert J. [Treatment of reflux by the so-called modified Heller-Nissen technic]. Presse Med. 1967 Nov 25;75(50):2563–2565.
42. Dallemagne B, Weerts JM, Jehaes C, Markiewicz S, Lombard R. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: preliminary report. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1991 Sep;1(3):138–143.
43. Toupet A. [Technic of esophago-gastroplasty with phrenogastropexy used in radical treatment of hiatal hernias as a supplement to Heller's operation in cardiospasms]. Mem Acad Chir (Paris). 1963 Mar 20–27; 89:384–389.
44. Chiba N, De Gara CJ, Wilkinson JM, Hunt RH. Speed of healing and symptom relief in grade II to IV gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis.
Gastroenterology. 1997;112(6):1798–1810.
[PubMed: 9178669]
45. Linden PA, Gilbert RJ, Yeap BY, et al. Laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with end-stage lung disease awaiting transplantation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131(2):438–446.
[PubMed: 16434276]
46. Gerson LB, Shetler K, Triadafilopoulos G. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in asymptomatic individuals. Gastroenterology. 2002 Aug;123(2): 461–467.
47. Pera M. Trends in incidence and prevalence of specialized intestinal metaplasia, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
World J Surg. 2003;27(9):999–1008; discussion 1006–1008.
[PubMed: 12917764]
48. Rex DK, Shaw M, Wong R. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus.
Gastroenterology. 2006;130(4):1373–1374; author reply 1374–1375.
[PubMed: 16618440]
49. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study. Gastroenterology. 2005 Dec;129(6):1825–1831.
50. Hirota WK, Loughney TM, Lazas DJ, Maydonovitch CL, Rholl V, Wong RK. Specialized intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: prevalence and clinical data.
Gastroenterology. 1999;116(2):277–285.
[PubMed: 9922307]
51. Epstein D, Bojke L, Sculpher MJ. Laparoscopic fundoplication compared with medical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: cost effectiveness study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2576.
52. Conio M, Blanchi S, Lapertosa G, et al. Long–term endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Incidence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma: a prospective study.
Am J Gasteroenterol. 2003;98(9):1931–1939.
[PubMed: 14499768]
53. Drewitz DJ, Sampliner RE, Garewal HS. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: a prospective study of 170 patients followed 4.8 years.
Am J Gasteroenterol. 1997;92(2):212–215.
[PubMed: 9040193]
54. Sharma P, Sampliner RE. The rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Adv Intern Med. 2001;46:137–153.
[PubMed: 11147251]
55. Carlsson R, Dent J, Watts R, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with
omeprazole. International GORD Study Group.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;10(2):119–124.
[PubMed: 9581986]
56. Clark GW, Ireland AP, Peters JH, Chandrasoma P, DeMeester TR, Bremner CG. Short-segment Barrett's esophagus: a prevalent complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease with malignant potential. J Gastrointest Surg. 1997 Mar–Apr;1(2):113–122.
57. Kwok CS, Yeong JK, Loke YK. Meta-analysis: Risk of fractures with acid-suppressing medication.
Bone. 2010;48(4):768–776.
[PubMed: 21185417]
58. Kiesslich R, Gossner L, Goetz M, et al. In vivo histology of Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(8):979–987.
[PubMed: 16843068]
59. Arguedas MR, Heudebert GR, Klapow JC, et al. Re-examination of the cost-effectiveness of surgical versus medical therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: the value of long-term data collection.
Am J Gasteroenterol. 2004;99(6):1023–1028.
[PubMed: 15180720]
60. Wang KK, Sampliner RE. Updated guidelines 2008 for the diagnosis, surveillance and therapy of Barrett's esophagus.
Am J Gastroenterol. Mar 2008;103(3):788–797.
[PubMed: 18341497]
61. Cooper GS. Endoscopic screening and surveillance for Barrett's esophagus: can claims data determine its effectiveness? Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Jun;57(7):914–916.
62. Corley DA, Levin TR, Habel LA, Weiss NS, Buffler PA. Surveillance and survival in Barrett's adenocarcinomas: a population-based study.
Gastroenterology. 2002;122(3):633–640.
[PubMed: 11874995]
63. Oberg S, Johansson J, Wenner J, et al. Endoscopic surveillance of columnar-lined esophagus: frequency of intestinal metaplasia detection and impact of antireflux surgery. Ann Surg. 2001 Nov;234(5): 619–626.
64. Collard JM. High-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. The case for esophagectomy. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2002 Feb;12(1):77–92.
65. Falk GW, Rice TW, Goldblum JR, Richter JE. Jumbo biopsy forceps protocol still misses unsuspected cancer in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia.
Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;49(2):170–176.
[PubMed: 9925694]
66. Pennathur A, Awais O, Luketich JD. Minimally invasive esophagectomy for Barrett's with high-grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(6):948–950.
[PubMed: 20358407]
67. Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EV, et al. Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States. New Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 11;346(15):1128–1137.
68. Millikan KW, Silverstein J, Hart V, et al. A 15-year review of esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia.
Arch Surg. 1995;130(6): 617–624.
[PubMed: 7763170]
69. Orringer MB, Marshall B, Iannettoni MD. Transhiatal esophagectomy: clinical experience and refinements. Ann Surg. 1999 Sep;230(3):392–400; discussion 400–393.
70. Oh DS, Hagen JA, Chandrasoma PT, et al. Clinical biology and surgical therapy of intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Aug;203(2):152–161.
71. Rice TW, Blackstone EH, Adelstein DJ, et al. Role of clinically determined depth of tumor invasion in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;125(5):1091–1102.
[PubMed: 12771883]
72. Rice TW, Zuccaro G, Jr, Adelstein DJ, Rybicki LA, Blackstone EH, Goldblum JR. Esophageal carcinoma: depth of tumor invasion is predictive of regional lymph node status.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65(3): 787–792.
[PubMed: 9527214]
73. Keeley SB, Pennathur A, Gooding W, Landreneau RJ, Christie NA, Luketich J. Photodynamic therapy with curative intent for Barrett's esophagus with high grade dysplasia and superficial esophageal cancer.
Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(8):2406–2410.
[PubMed: 17534685]
74. Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. New Engl J Med. 2009 May 28; 360(22):2277–2288.
75. Dumot JA, Vargo JJ, 2nd, Falk GW, Frey L, Lopez R, Rice TW. An open-label, prospective trial of cryospray ablation for Barrett's esophagus high-grade dysplasia and early esophageal cancer in high-risk patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 Oct;70(4):635–644.
76. Shaheen NJ, Greenwald BD, Peery AF, et al. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic spray cryotherapy for Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia.
Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(4):680–685.
[PubMed: 20363409]
77. May A, Gossner L, Behrens A, et al. A prospective randomized trial of two different endoscopic resection techniques for early stage cancer of the esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Aug;58(2):167–175.
78. Yamamoto H. Technology insight: endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal neoplasms.
Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 4(9):511–520.
[PubMed: 17768396]
79. Ell C, May A, Pech O, et al. Curative endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinomas (Barrett's cancer).
Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 65(1):3–10.
[PubMed: 17185072]
80. Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 28;360(22): 2277–2288.
81. Gurski RR, Peters JH, Hagen JA, et al. Barrett's esophagus can and does regress after antireflux surgery: a study of prevalence and predictive features.
J Am Coll Surg. 2003;196(5):706–712; discussion 712–703.
[PubMed: 12742201]
82. Gray SL, LaCroix AZ, Larson J, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use, hip fracture, and change in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med. 2010 May 10;170(9):765–771.
83. Barry DW, Vaezi MF. Laryngopharyngeal reflux: More questions than answers.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77(5):327–334.
[PubMed: 20439565]
84. Narayani RI, Burton MP, Young GS. Utility of esophageal biopsy in the diagnosis of nonerosive reflux disease.
Dis Esophagus. 2003;16(3): 187–192.
[PubMed: 14641307]
85. Lind JF, Duthie HL, Schlegel JF, Code CF. Motility of the gastric fundus. Am J Physiol. 1961 Jul;201:197–202.
86. Purdy M, Nykopp TK, Kainulainen S, Paakkonen M. Division of the hepatic branch of the anterior vagus nerve in fundoplication: effects on gallbladder function.
Surg Endosc. 2009;23(9):2143–2146.
[PubMed: 19067049]
87. Hill LD, Kozarek RA, Kraemer SJ, et al. The gastroesophageal flap valve: in vitro and in vivo observations. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996 Nov;44(5):541–547.
88. Fass R, Hell R, Sampliner RE, et al. Effect of ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring on reflux-provoking activities.
Dig Dis Sci. 1999;44(11):2263–2269.
[PubMed: 10573372]
89. Tseng D, Rizvi AZ, Fennerty MB, et al. Forty-eight-hour pH monitoring increases sensitivity in detecting abnormal esophageal acid exposure. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005 Nov;9(8):1043–1051; discussion 1051–1042.
90. Bais JE, Samsom M, Boudesteijn EA, van Rijk PP, Akkermans LM, Gooszen HG. Impact of delayed gastric emptying on the outcome of antireflux surgery. Ann Surg. 2001 Aug;234(2):139–146.
91. Farrell TM, Richardson WS, Halkar R, et al. Nissen fundoplication improves gastric motility in patients with delayed gastric emptying.
Surg Endosc. 2001;15(3):271–274.
[PubMed: 11344427]
92. Maddern GJ, Jamieson GG. Fundoplication enhances gastric emptying.
Ann Surg. 1985;201(3):296–299.
[PubMed: 3977428]
93. Viljakka M, Saali K, Koskinen M, et al. Antireflux surgery enhances gastric emptying.
Arch Surg. 1999;134(1):18–21.
[PubMed: 9927124]
94. Van Sickle KR, McClusky DA, Swafford
VA, Smith CD. Delayed gastric emptying in patients undergoing antireflux surgery: analysis of a treatment algorithm.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2007 Feb;17(1):7–11.
95. Nissen R. [A simple operation for control of reflux esophagitis]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1956 May 18;86(suppl 20):590–592.
96. Nissen R, Rossetti M. Fundoplication and gastropexy in the surgical treatment of cardia insufficiency and hiatal hernia. Indications, technique and results.
Ann Chir. 1962;16:825–836.
[PubMed: 13938824]
97. Donahue PE, Samelson S, Nyhus LM, Bombeck CT. The floppy Nissen fundoplication. Effective long-term control of pathologic reflux.
Arch Surg. 1985;120(6):663–668.
[PubMed: 4004552]
98. DeMeester TR, Bonavina L, Albertucci M. Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Evaluation of primary repair in 100 consecutive patients. Ann Surg. 1986 Jul;204(1):9–20.
99. Peters MJ, Mukhtar A, Yunus RM, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing open and laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery.
Am J Gasteroenterol. 2009;104(6):1548–1561; quiz 1547, 1562.
[PubMed: 19491872]
100. Van Den Boom G, Go PM, Hameeteman W, Dallemagne B, Ament AJ. Cost effectiveness of medical versus surgical treatment in patients with severe or refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in the Netherlands. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31(1):1–9.
101. Henderson RD, Henderson RF, Marryatt GV. Surgical management of 100 consecutive esophageal strictures.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990; 99(1):1–7.
[PubMed: 2294341]
102. Zaninotto G, DeMeester TR, Bremner CG, Smyrk
TC, Cheng SC. Esophageal function in patients with reflux-induced strictures and its relevance to surgical treatment.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;47(3):362–370.
[PubMed: 2930301]
103. Morton JM, Bowers SP, Lucktong TA, et al. Gallbladder function before and after fundoplication. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002 Nov–Dec;6(6): 806–810; discussion 810–811.
104. Kosek V, Wykypiel H, Weiss H, et al. Division of the short gastric vessels during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: clinical and functional outcome during long-term follow-up in a prospectively randomized trial.
Surg Endosc. 2009;23(10):2208–2213.
[PubMed: 19082662]
105. Mardani J, Lundell L, Lonroth H, Dalenback J, Engstrom C. Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic total fundoplication with or without division of the short gastric vessels.
Br J Surg. 2009; 96(1):61–65.
[PubMed: 19016274]
106. Hunter JG, Swanstrom L, Waring JP. Dysphagia after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. The impact of operative technique. Ann Surg. 1996 Jul;224(1):51–57.
107. Terry ML, Vernon A, Hunter JG. Stapled-wedge Collis gastroplasty for the shortened esophagus. Am J Surg. 2004 Aug;188(2):195–199.
108. Broeders JA, Rijnhart-de Jong HG, Draaisma WA, Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJ, Gooszen HG. Ten-year outcome of laparoscopic and conventional Nissen fundoplication: randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):698–706.
109. Ruiz-Tovar J, Diez-Tabernilla M, Chames A, Morales V, Martinez-Molina E. Clinical outcome at 10 years after laparoscopic versus open Nissen fundoplication. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2010 Feb;20(1):21–23.
110. Salminen P, Karvonen J, Ovaska J. Long-term outcomes after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for reflux laryngitis.
Dig Surg. 2010;27(6): 509–514.
[PubMed: 21196734]
111. Salminen PT, Hiekkanen HI, Rantala AP, Ovaska JT. Comparison of long-term outcome of laparoscopic and conventional Nissen fundoplication: a prospective randomized study with an 11-year follow-up. Ann Surg. 2007 Aug;246(2):201–206.
112. So JB, Zeitels SM, Rattner DW. Outcomes of atypical symptoms attributed to gastroesophageal reflux treated by laparoscopic fundoplication. Surgery. 1998 Jul;124(1):28–32.
113. Farrell TM, Richardson WS, Trus TL, Smith CD, Hunter JG. Response of atypical symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux to antireflux surgery.
Br J Surg. 2001;88(12):1649–1652.
[PubMed: 11736981]
114. Johnson WE, Hagen JA, DeMeester TR, et al. Outcome of respiratory symptoms after antireflux surgery on patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Arch Surg. 1996;131(5):489–492.
[PubMed: 8624193]
115. Testa MA, Simonson DC. Assessment of quality-of-life outcomes. New Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 28;334(13):835–840.
116. Fernando HC, Schauer PR, Rosenblatt M, et al. Quality of life after antireflux surgery compared with nonoperative management for severe gastroesophageal reflux disease.
J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194(1):23–27.
[PubMed: 11800337]
117. Hiebert CA, O'Mara CS. The Belsey operation for hiatal hernia: a twenty year experience.
Am J Surg. 1979;137(4):532–535.
[PubMed: 426203]
118. Little AG, Ferguson MK, Skinner DB. Reoperation for failed antireflux operations.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986;91(4):511–517.
[PubMed: 3959569]
119. Hunter JG, Trus TL, Branum GD, Waring JP, Wood WC. A physiologic approach to laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Ann Surg. 1996;223(6):673–685; discussion 685–677.
[PubMed: 8645041]
120. Peters JH, DeMeester TR. Indications, benefits and outcome of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Dig Dis. 1996; May–Jun 14(3):169–179.
121. Collard JM, Verstraete L, Otte JB, Fiasse R, Goncette L, Kestens PJ. Clinical, radiological and functional results of remedial antireflux operations. Int Surg. 1993 Oct–Dec;78(4):298–306.
122. Furnee EJ, Draaisma WA, Broeders IA, Gooszen HG. Surgical reintervention after failed antireflux surgery: a systematic review of the literature.
J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13(8):1539–1549.
[PubMed: 19347410]
123. Hinder RA. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Bell RH, Jr, Rikkers LF, Mulholland MW, eds. Digestive Tract Surgery: A Text and Atlas. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers. 1996:19.
124. Morse C, Pennathur A, Luketich JD. Laparoscopic techniques in reoperation for failed antireflux repairs. In: Patterson GA, Cooper JD, Deslauriers J, et al, eds. Pearson's textbook of thoracic and esophageal surgery. Oxford, UK: Churchill Livingstone. 2008:367–375.
125. Pennathur A, Awais O, Luketich JD. Minimally invasive redo antireflux surgery: lessons learned. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;89(6):S2174–S2179.
126. Awais O, Luketich JD, Tam J, et al. Roux-en-Y near esophagojejunostomy for intractable gastroesophageal reflux after antireflux surgery.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85(6):1954–1959; discussion 1959–1961.
[PubMed: 18498802]
127. Soresi AL. Diaphragmatic hernia: its unsuspected frequency: its diagnosis: technic for radical cure.
Ann Surg. 1919;69(3):254–270.
[PubMed: 17864072]
128. Sweet RH. Esophageal hiatus hernia of the diaphragm; the anatomical characteristics, technic of repair, and results of treatment in 111 consecutive cases.
Ann Surg. 1952;135(1):1–13.
[PubMed: 14895139]
129. Allison PR. Reflux esophagitis, sliding hiatal hernia, and the anatomy of repair.
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1951;92(4):419–431.
[PubMed: 14835197]
130. Barrett NR. Hiatus hernia: a review of some controversial points. Br J Surg. 1954 Nov;42(173):231–243.
131. Hiebert CA, Belsey R. Incompetency of the gastric cardia without radiologic evidence of hiatal hernia. The diagnosis and management of 71 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1961 Sep;42:352–362.
132. Hill LD, Tobias J, Morgan EH. Newer concepts of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernia and esophagitis.
Am J Surg. 1966;111(1):70–79.
[PubMed: 5901379]
133. Skinner DB, Belsey RH. Surgical management of esophageal reflux and hiatus hernia. Long-term results with 1,030 patients.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1967;53(1):33–54.
[PubMed: 5333620]
134. Hill LD, Tobias JA. Paraesophageal hernia.
Arch Surg. 1968;96(5): 735–744.
[PubMed: 5647546]
135. Ozdemir IA, Burke WA, Ikins PM. Paraesophageal hernia. A life-threatening disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1973 Dec;16(6):547–554.
136. Landreneau RJ, Johnson JA, Marshall JB, Hazelrigg SR, Boley TM, Curtis JJ. Clinical spectrum of paraesophageal herniation.
Dig Dis Sci. 1992;37(4):537–544.
[PubMed: 1551343]
137. Szwerc MF, Landreneau RJ. Splenic rupture as a consequence of giant paraesophageal hernia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Nov;70(5):1727–1728.
138. Cameron AJ, Higgins JA. Linear gastric erosion. A lesion associated with large diaphragmatic hernia and chronic blood loss anemia. Gastroenterology. 1986 Aug;91(2):338–342.
139. Luketich JD, Nason KS, Christie NA, et al. Outcomes after a decade of laparoscopic giant paraesophageal hernia repair.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;139(2):395–404, 404 e391.
[PubMed: 20004917]
140. Horvath KD, Swanstrom LL, Jobe BA. The short esophagus: pathophysiology, incidence, presentation, and treatment in the era of laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Ann Surg. 2000 Nov;232(5):630–640.
141. Madan AK, Frantzides CT, Patsavas KL. The myth of the short esophagus.
Surg Endosc. 2004;18(1):31–34.
[PubMed: 14625746]
142. Pearson FG, Cooper JD, Patterson GA, Ramirez J, Todd TR. Gastroplasty and fundoplication for complex reflux problems. Long-term results. Ann Surg. 1987 Oct;206(4):473–481.
143. Coster DD, Bower WH, Wilson VT, Brebrick RT, Richardson GL. Laparoscopic partial fundoplication vs laparoscopic Nissen-Rosetti fundoplication. Short-term results of 231 cases.
Surg Endosc. 1997;11(6): 625–631.
[PubMed: 9171120]
144. Mittal SK, Awad ZT, Tasset M, et al. The preoperative predictability of the short esophagus in patients with stricture or paraesophageal hernia.
Surg Endosc. 2000;14(5):464–468.
[PubMed: 10858473]
145. Novitsky YW, Wong J, Kercher KW, Litwin DE, Swanstrom LL, Heniford BT. Severely disordered esophageal peristalsis is not a contraindication to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.
Surg Endosc. 2007; 21(6):950–954.
[PubMed: 17177077]
146. Patel HJ, Tan BB, Yee J, Orringer MB, Iannettoni MD. A 25-year experience with open primary transthoracic repair of paraesophageal hiatal hernia.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127(3):843–849.
[PubMed: 15001915]
147. Low DE, Unger T. Open repair of paraesophageal hernia: reassessment of subjective and objective outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jul;80(1):287–294.
148. Luketich JD, Raja S, Fernando HC, et al. Laparoscopic repair of giant paraesophageal hernia: 100 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 2000 Oct; 232(4):608–618.
149. Whitson BA, Hoang CD, Boettcher AK, Dahlberg PS, Andrade RS, Maddaus MA. Wedge gastroplasty and reinforced crural repair: important components of laparoscopic giant or recurrent hiatal hernia repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Nov;132(5):1196–1202 e1193.
150. Maziak DE, Todd TR, Pearson FG. Massive hiatus hernia: evaluation and surgical management.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115(1):53–60; discussion 61–52.
[PubMed: 9451045]
151. Pitcher DE, Curet MJ, Martin DT, Vogt DM, Mason J, Zucker KA. Successful laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia.
Arch Surg. 1995; 130(6):590–596.
[PubMed: 7763166]
152. Dahlberg PS, Deschamps C, Miller DL, Allen MS, Nichols FC, Pairolero PC. Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hiatal hernia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001 Oct;72(4):1125–1129.
153. Hashemi M, Peters JH, DeMeester TR, et al. Laparoscopic repair of large type III hiatal hernia: objective followup reveals high recurrence rate.
J Am Coll Surg. 2000;190(5):553–560; discussion 560–551.
[PubMed: 10801022]
154. Luostarinen M, Rantalainen M, Helve O, Reinikainen P, Isolauri J. Late results of paraoesophageal hiatus hernia repair with fundoplication.
Br J Surg. 1998;85(2):272–275.
[PubMed: 9501834]
155. Pierre AF, Luketich JD, Fernando HC, et al. Results of laparoscopic repair of giant paraesophageal hernias: 200 consecutive patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Dec;74(6):1909–1915; discussion 1915–1906.
156. Larusson HJ, Zingg U, Hahnloser D, Delport K, Seifert B, Oertli D. Predictive factors for morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair: age, ASA score and operation type influence morbidity.
World J Surg. 2009;33(5):980–985.
[PubMed: 19277773]
157. Nason KS, Luketich JD, Qureshi I, et al. Laparoscopic repair of giant paraesophageal hernia results in long-term patient satisfaction and a durable repair.
J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12(12):2066–2075; discussion 2075–2067.
[PubMed: 18841422]
158. Karmali S, McFadden S, Mitchell P, et al. Primary laparoscopic and open repair of paraesophageal hernias: a comparison of short-term outcomes.
Dis Esophagus. 2008;21(1):63–68.
[PubMed: 18197941]
159. Schauer PR, Ikramuddin S, McLaughlin RH, et al. Comparison of laparoscopic versus open repair of paraesophageal hernia. Am J Surg. 1998 Dec;176(6):659–665.
160. Oelschlager BK, Pellegrini CA, Hunter J, et al. Biologic prosthesis reduces recurrence after laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair: a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2006 Oct;244(4):481–490.
161. Granderath FA, Schweiger UM, Kamolz T, Asche KU, Pointner R. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with prosthetic hiatal closure reduces postoperative intrathoracic wrap herniation: preliminary results of a prospective randomized functional and clinical study.
Arch Surg. 2005;140(1):40–48.
[PubMed: 15655204]
162. Gryska PV, Vernon JK. Tension-free repair of hiatal hernia during laparoscopic fundoplication: a ten-year experience. Hernia. 2005 May; 9(2):150–155.
163. Muller-Stich BP, Holzinger F, Kapp T, Klaiber C. Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair: long-term outcome with the focus on the influence of mesh reinforcement.
Surg Endosc. 2006;20(3):380–384.
[PubMed: 16432659]
164. Stadlhuber RJ, Sherif AE, Mittal SK, et al. Mesh complications after prosthetic reinforcement of hiatal closure: a 28-case series.
Surg Endosc. 2009;23(6):1219–1226.
[PubMed: 19067074]