Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ Tumor Markers +++ Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: < 5.0 ng/mL (smoker).< 2.5 ng/mL (nonsmoker).Comment: Elevation of CEA in colorectal cancer, but also in a variety of noncolonic cancers (eg, pancreatic, gastric, lung, breast), as well as in benign conditions (eg, IBD, liver cirrhosis, chronic lung disease, pancreatitis). CEA > 20 highly suspicious for metastatic disease. After curative cancer resection, normalization of elevated values expected within 1–2 months. +++ Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: 0–4 ng/mL.Comment: Elevation of PSA in prostate cancer, prostatitis, after digital rectal exam. +++ IBD Markers +++ Perinuclear Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (pANCA) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: ≤ 1:8.Comment: 60–80% positive in ulcerative colitis; 10–25% positive in Crohn colitis. +++ Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Antibody (ASCA) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: ≤ 20.0 units.Comment: 5–15% positive in ulcerative colitis; 60–80% positive in Crohn colitis. +++ Celiac Disease Markers +++ Anti-Endomysial IgA ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: < 1:5.Comment: Sensitivity and specificity for celiac disease > 95% (ie, much better than anti-gliadin IgG). +++ Anti-Transglutaminase IgA ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: < 20 units.Comment: Positive in celiac disease in > 90% of cases (ie, better than anti-gliadin IgG). +++ Infectious Diseases +++ CD4 Count ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: 500–1500 cells/μL.Comment: HIV infection → assessment of activity and treatment response with CD4 cell counts and viral load. Critical: < 200 cells/μL. +++ Plasma HIV-1 RNA Monitoring ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: No viral load detectable with appropriate HAART.Comment: > 100,000 copies/mL → sign of drug resistance or disease progression. +++ Complete Blood Count +++ White Blood Cells (WBC) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: 3.8–10.8 [× 103 WBC/mL].Comment:Marker for acute inflammation. +++ Hematocrit (Hct) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: 35–46 [%].Comment:Assessment of blood levels. +++ Hemoglobin (Hgb) ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: 12.0–16.0 [g/dL].Comment:Assessment of blood levels. +++ Neutrophils Relative ++Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintNormal value: 42.0–75.0 [%].Comment:Left-shift/bandemia is a marker for acute inflammation. ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.