Chapter 1: Indications for Liver Transplantation

INTRODUCTION

Diagnoses associated with liver transplantation in patients who have been determined to be candidates include but are not limited to the following:

ACUTE/CHRONIC (NONCHOLESTATIC) LIVER FAILURE

• Alcoholic

• Autoimmune

• Budd–Chiari syndrome

• Congenital hepatic fibrosis

• Cryptogenic/Idiopathic

• Drug/Exposure induced

• Fulminant hepatic failure

• Graft vs. host disease secondary to non-liver transplantation

• Hepatitis A

• Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis D

• Hepatitis E

• Ischemic injury

• Neonatal hepatitis

• Pregnancy associated

• Retransplantation

• Trauma

• Other

CHOLESTATIC LIVER FAILURE

• Bile duct loss

• Biliary atresia:

  • Alagille syndrome

  • Extrahepatic

  • Hypoplasia

  • Other

• Cystic fibrosis

• Familial cholestasis:

  • Byler disease

  • Other

• Primary biliary cirrhosis

• Primary sclerosing cholangitis:

  • Ulcerative colitis

  • Crohn disease

  • No bowel disease

  • Other

• Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis

• Secondary biliary cirrhosis:

  • Caroli disease

  • Choledochal cyst

  • Biliary injury

  • Other

• Secondary sclerosing cholangitis

• Total parenteral nutrition/hyperalimentation-induced liver disease

• Other

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

• Primary liver malignancies:

  • Cholangiocarcinoma

  • Fibrolamellar carcinoma

  • Hemangioendothelioma-hemangiosarcoma

  • Hepatoblastoma

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

  • Other

• Secondary liver malignancies

  • Metastatic neuroendocrine tumor

  • Some series suggest selected instances of unresectable colorectal metastases

• Other

METABOLIC/INHERITED DISEASES

• Acute intermittent porphyria

• Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

• Amino acid defects

• Amyloidosis

• Familial amyloid polyneuropathy

• Glycogen storage disease type I

• Glycogen storage disease type IV

• Hemochromatosis-hemosiderosis

• Hyperlipidemia-II-homozygous

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

• Primary oxalosis/oxaluria

• Tyrosinemia

• Urea cycle defects

• Wilson disease

• Other

NONMALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

• Polycystic liver disease

• Hepatic adenoma/adenomatosis

• Other

VARIOUS—NOT PREVIOUSLY LISTED

• Hepato pulmonary hypertension

• Porto pulmonary hypertension

• Pruritus

• Other

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