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Chapter 5. Pharmacology
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Rank the following compounds in decreasing order of antisecretory efficacy (going from most efficacious to least efficacious).
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A. Atropine, famotidine (Pepcid), omeprazole (Prilosec)
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B. Famotidine, atropine, omeprazole
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C. Famotidine, omeprazole, atropine
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D. Omeprazole, atropine, famotidine
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E. Omeprazole, famotidine, atropine
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Answer: E. Proton pump inhibitors virtually completely block acid secretion; histamine-2 blockers reduce acid secretion by 70% to 95% (usually); muscarinic blockers typically reduce secretion by 25% to 50%.
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Which of the following should be used for treatment of severe diarrhea in an infant until the cause of the diarrhea can be treated adequately?
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A. Attapulgite suspension (Kaopectate)
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B. Cholestyramine (Questran)
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C. Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
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D. An electrolyte replenisher (such as Pedialyte)
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E. An opiate such as loperamide (Imodium)
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Answer: D. The priority is to prevent serious fluid and electrolyte imbalance until the source of diarrhea can be eradicated.
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A patient presents with 15 lb. of unintentional weight loss in the last 3 months, tremor, tachycardia, hot skin, and protruding eyeballs. The drug of choice for long-term (months) treatment of this condition would be:
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A. Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
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B. Liothyronine (Cytomel)
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E. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
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Answer: E. A and B are incorrect because the patient is already hyperthyroid. C would have a short-term effect, but is not effective over several months or more. D would treat some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, but E is the superior choice because it blocks conversion of peripheral thyroid hormone.
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Corticosteroids produce their effects by binding to:
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A. Cytoplasmic receptors that affect nuclear expression of genes
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B. G-protein-coupled receptors that activate adenylate cyclase
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C. G-protein-coupled receptors that activate phospholipase C
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D. Ion channels that promote depolarization of cells
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E. Membrane receptors that activate tyrosine kinase
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Answer: A. G-protein-coupled receptors are abundantly present in human physiology but are not used by corticosteroids. Ion channels are important for nerve ...