Head and Neck

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY

Order of thoracic outlet neurovascular structures (anterior to posterior):

• Subclavian vein, phrenic nerve, anterior scalene muscle, subclavian artery, middle scalene muscle

What nerve runs posterior to the middle scalene muscle?

• Long thoracic nerve

What nerve(s) runs in the posterior neck triangle?

• Accessory nerve and the brachial plexus

Which muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve?

• Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and platysma

Name the nerve that crosses the internal carotid artery 1 to 2 cm above the carotid bifurcation:

• Hypoglossal nerve

The hypoglossal nerve supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except:

• Palatoglossus

The phrenic nerve lies on top of what muscle?

• Anterior scalene

Name the branches of the facial nerve:

• Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical branches

Which branch of the facial nerve is most often injured in carotid surgery?

• Marginal mandibular nerve

Name the branches of the trigeminal nerve:

• Ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3)

What nerve is found within the carotid sheath?

• Vagus

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all of the muscles of the larynx except:

• Cricothyroid muscle

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the larynx above the level of the vocal folds?

• Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the larynx below the level of the vocal folds?

• Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Name the branches of the thyrocervical trunk:

• STAT: Suprascapular artery, Transverse cervical artery, Ascending cervical artery, and inferior Thyroid artery

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

• Superior thyroid artery

Name the blood supply to the nose:

• Anterior/posterior ethmoidal arteries off the ophthalmic artery

• Superior labial artery from ...