Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ INTRODUCTION ++ Test Taking Tips Manifestations of trace element deficiencies (e.g., chromium, zinc, copper, etc.) tend to be a recurring theme on the test. Know the basics of TPN. Learn the indications, content, and adverse effects. Do not confuse the ECG findings associated with various electrolyte abnormalities. Know the appropriate fluid resuscitation for specific medical conditions. +++ FLUIDS +++ Name the 2 major body fluid compartments: ++ Intracellular and extracellular +++ Extracellular fluid is divided into these 2 subcompartments: ++ Interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid +++ Mnemonic for the composition of body fluid: ++ 60, 40, 20; 60% total body weight fluid, 40% total body weight intracellular, 20% total body weight extracellular +++ Approximate percentage of body weight that is fluid: ++ 60% +++ Approximate percentage of body fluid that is extracellular: ++ 33% +++ Approximate percentage of body weight that is intracellular: ++ 66% +++ Percentage of extracellular fluid within the vascular compartment in the venous system: ++ 85% +++ Percentage of extracellular fluid within the vascular compartment in the arterial system: ++ 15% +++ The approximate percentage of body weight that blood accounts for in an adult: ++ 7% (so to estimate how many liters of blood in a 70-kg man; 0.07 × 70 kg = 5 liters) +++ Requirement of water per 24-hour period: ++ ∼30 to 35 mL/kg ++ FIGURE 7-1 Chemical composition of body fluid compartments. (Reproduced with permission from Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al. Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery, 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2019.) Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) +++ Requirement of sodium per 24-hour period: ++ ∼1 to 2 mEq/kg +++ Requirement of chloride per 24-hour period: ++ ∼1.5 mEq/kg +++ Requirement of potassium per 24-hour period: ++ ∼1 mEq/kg +++ Name the sources and the amounts of normal daily water loss: ++ Respiratory losses: 500 to 700 cc Sweat: 200 to 400 cc Urine: 1200 to 1500 cc Feces: 100 to 200 cc +++ Name the sources and the amounts of insensible fluid loss: ++ Skin: ∼300 cc/24 h Breathing: 500 to 700 cc/24 h Feces: 100 to 200 cc/24 h +++ General rate of fluid loss during an open abdominal procedure in the absence of measurable blood loss: ++ 0.5 to 1.0 L/h +++ Name the sources ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Download the Access App: iOS | Android Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.