Chapter 38: Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Chapter 38. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Generally most thyroid nodules are biopsied if they

A. are > 1 cm

B. are < 1 cm

C. are between 1 and 2 mm or larger

D. are palpated and felt to be benign

E. cause cosmetic deformity

Most parathyroid glands

A. are vascularized by the superior thyroid artery

B. are in the mediastinum

C. are close to or on the thyroid gland

D. are often found to be adenomatous at thyroid surgery

E. are removed and autotransplanted at surgery

Papillary thyroid cancer

A. prognosis is worse in the young adult

B. is associated with frequent nodal metastasis at presentation

C. is associated with capsular invasion

D. is typically associated with C-cell hyperplasia

E. cannot occur in the pyramidal lobe

Medullary cancers

A. may be associated with RET oncogene mutation

B. are always inherited

C. result in decrease of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

D. never spread to liver or lung

E. are always associated with parathyroid disease

Graves’ disease

A. is associated with focal increased uptake in the thyroid

B. can be managed with surgery

C. cannot usually be treated with radioactive iodine

D. is always associated with eye disease

E. generally can be operated on without preoperative medical management