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Neurosurgery

Joshua Gish

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    Disclaimer: These citations have been automatically generated based on the information we have and it may not be 100% accurate. Please consult the latest official manual style if you have any questions regarding the format accuracy.

    AMA Citation
    Gish J. Gish J Gish, Joshua.Neurosurgery. In: Dangleben DA, Lee J, Madbak F. Dangleben D.A., & Lee J, & Madbak F(Eds.),Eds. Dale A. Dangleben, et al.eds. ABSITE Slayer. McGraw-Hill; Accessed July 05, 2020. https://accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2500&sectionid=201382342
    APA Citation
    Gish J. Gish J Gish, Joshua. (2013). Neurosurgery. Dangleben DA, Lee J, Madbak F. Dangleben D.A., & Lee J, & Madbak F(Eds.),Eds. Dale A. Dangleben, et al. ABSITE Slayer. McGraw-Hill. https://accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2500&sectionid=201382342
    MLA Citation
    Gish J. Gish J Gish, Joshua. "Neurosurgery." ABSITE Slayer Dangleben DA, Lee J, Madbak F. Dangleben D.A., & Lee J, & Madbak F(Eds.),Eds. Dale A. Dangleben, et al. McGraw-Hill, 2013, https://accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2500&sectionid=201382342.

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TEST TAKING TIPS

Test Taking Tips

Make sure that you are familiar with the Glasgow Coma Score prior to the test.

Review the neurosurgery section in the trauma chapter.

What components are present in the cranium?

  • Brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood vessels and blood volume, pathological volume (eg, neoplasm, hematoma, abscess, etc)

What may cause an increase in the brain tissue component (not including neoplasms)?

  • Edema, inflammatory, perineoplastic, vasogenic

What can be given to decrease swelling due to edema?

  • Mannitol, hypertonic saline

What can be given to decrease the brain tissue component if swelling is caused by inflammation or perineoplastic syndrome?

  • Steroids

What can be done to decrease the blood volume component?

  • Hyperventilation, diuretics, head elevation, remove venous obstruction

What can be done to decrease the CSF component?

  • Drainage (either external or internal such as a VP shunt), acetazolamide (temporary), steroids (temporary)

What can be done to decrease volume due to a mass lesion?

  • Evacuation or removal of the cause of the mass lesion

What is the Monro-Kelly doctrine?

  • The total volume of the cranial vault is fixed and thus an increase in one component must be offset by a decrease in another component.

True or false: CSF production rate is affected by intracranial pressure (ICP)?

  • False. CSF production rate is constant and is not affected by "back pressure."

What is the site of CSF production?

  • The arachnoid granulations

What is the name of the process that maintains cerebral blood flow at a constant rate despite changes in systemic blood pressure?

  • Autoregulation

Define cerebral perfusion pressure:

  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) – ICP

Why do older people tend to be more tolerant of mass lesions?

  • They tend to have larger ventricles, which are more tolerant of compression than brain tissue

What is a raised ICP with no mass lesion termed?

  • Pseudotumor cerebri or idiopathic intracranial hypertension

What is increased ventricular volume without increased intracranial pressure called?

  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus

What is a failure of proper capillary formation termed?

  • Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

What is the risk of hemorrhage associated with an AVM?

  • 4% per year

What percentage of AVM-associated hemorrhages is classified as severe?

  • 25%

FIGURE 29-1.

Cerebral angiogram demonstrating a frontal arteriovenous malformation filling from ...

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