Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ 1. Normal Appearing Colonic Mucosa ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 1 Normal appearing colonic mucosa. Pale background with prominent vascular pattern. There are well defined haustral markings. +++ 2. Normal Colonic Mucosa ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 2 Normal colonic mucosa. In this image, the vascular pattern is not as prominent against the pale background. This may be due to endoscopic processor color settings or effects of bowel preparation. +++ 3. Normal Appearing Cecum ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 3 Normal appearing cecum. The prominent, wider fold at the 7 o’clock position is the ileocecal valve. +++ 4. Normal Appearing Ileocecal Valve ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 4 Here, the normal appearing ileocecal valve is positioned at the 11 o’clock position. The location of the ileocecal valve is dependent on the positioning of the scope in the colon and can appear at any location, although it frequently appears on the left portion of the screen. +++ 5. Normal Appearing Appendiceal Orifice ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 5 Normal appearing appendiceal orifice. The appendiceal orifice appears as a slit-like opening in the blind end of the cecum. +++ 6. Appendiceal Orifice ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 6 The appendiceal orifice may also appear as a crescent-shaped orifice in the cecum. +++ 7. Appendiceal Orifice, Large ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 7 In some patients, the appendiceal orifice can appear quite large and should not be confused with the ileocecal valve, which is never seen head-on in the cecal base. It is important to recognize this as the appendix and not attempt to advance the colonoscope further, thinking that it is the ileocecal valve. In this image, note the small “red rings” in the mucosa immediately surrounding the appendiceal orifice. These represent lymphoid hyperplasia, common in the terminal ileum and cecum, and are considered a normal variant. +++ 8. Appendiceal Orifice, with Fluid ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 8 Fluid frequently pools at the appendiceal orifice, possibly obscuring it. Suctioning of the fluid may be required in order to identify the orifice. Likewise, changing the patient’s position (e.g., supine to left side) may shift the fluid and reveal the appendiceal orifice. +++ 9. Normal Ileum Mucosa ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size||Download Slide (.ppt) Figure 9 In patients without a history of prior cecal resection, the ileum is ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.