++
Chapter 36. Neurosurgery
++
++
++
++
++
++
A. Is normally between 30 and 40 torr
++
++
B. Is directly (linearly) related to increasing intracranial mass
++
++
C. Cannot be measured directly
++
++
D. Is normally maintained at a stable level by displacement of CSF
++
++
E. Is often affected by changes in the size of the skull after trauma
+
++
D. Is normally maintained at a stable level by displacement of CSF
++
++
++
Strategies to reduce intracranial pressure can include all of the following except
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
C. Treatment with mannitol
++
++
D. Trendelenburg position
++
++
+
++
D. Trendelenburg position
++
++
++
++
++
++
A. Rarely includes the use of systemic corticosteroid therapy
++
++
B. Is accompanied by initial hyporeflexia
++
++
C. Is termed complete if there is no motor function below the level of injury
++
++
D. Is accompanied by priapism and increased anal sphincter tone
++
++
E. Can cause a Brown–Séquard syndrome, with loss of motor function and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion, with preserved proprioception, vibration, and pressure sensation
+
++
B. Is accompanied by initial hyporeflexia
++
++
++
Peripheral nerve injury recovery
++
++
++
A. Occurs with axonal regeneration after wallerian degeneration at a rate of 1 mm per day
++
++
B. Is best treated by delayed (3 month) repair is the case of acute sharp injury
++
++
C. Should be treated by segmental resection and nerve graft in cases of apparent stretch injury
++
++
D. Occurs more quickly with systemic corticosteroid therapy
++
++
E. Is likely to be functionally successful if a neuroma forms
+
++
A. Occurs with axonal regeneration after wallerian degeneration at a rate of 1 mm per day
++
++
++
++
++
++
A. Are typically adenocarcinomas
++
++
B. Should be treated by urgent operation in most patients
++
++