RT Book, Section
A1 Dasari, Arvind
A1 Garris, Jeana
A1 Yao, James
A2 Morita, Shane Y.
A2 Balch, Charles M.
A2 Klimberg, V. Suzanne
A2 Pawlik, Timothy M.
A2 Posner, Mitchell C.
A2 Tanabe, Kenneth K.
SR Print(0)
ID 1145765252
T1 Systemic and Regional Therapy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
T2 Textbook of Complex General Surgical Oncology
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071793315
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145765252
RD 2024/04/19
AB Pancreatic  neuroendocrine  tumors  (PNETs)  are  thought  to  arise  from  mature  endocrine  cells  in  the  pancreas  and/or  pleuripotent  stem  cells  that  have  the  capacity  to  differentiate  into  endocrine  and  exocrine  cells.1,2  Accumulating  evidence  also  shows  that  PNETs  are  biologically  and  clinically  distinct  from  other  neuroendocrine  tumors,  NETs  (i.e.,  carcinoids)  and  hence  these  tumor  types  should  not  be  grouped  together.  The  term  carcinoid  should  also  not  be  used  to  describe  PNETs.  PNETs  comprise  1%  to  3%  of  new  pancreatic  cancers  but  account  for  10%  of  all  prevalent  pancreatic  malignancies  reflecting  both  the  rarity  of  these  tumors  and  also  better  prognosis  as  compared  to  pancreatic  ductal  adenocarcinoma.3,4  An  analysis  of  the  Surveillance,  Epidemiology,  and  End  Results  (SEER)  database  from  1973  through  2007  showed  the  relative  rarity  of  all  NETs,  comprising  approximately  0.9%  of  the  database,  with  PNETs  accounting  for  7%  of  recorded  primary  sites  within  NETs.  The  reported  incidence  of  PNETs  in  the  United  States  is  1.8  in  females  and  2.6  in  males  per  million,  with  most  occurring  in  the  fourth  to  sixth  decades  of  life.5  However,  with  better  awareness  and  advanced  diagnostic  tools,  the  incidence  of  PNETs  has  been  rising.  The  natural  history  and  principles  of  management  of  PNETs  are  discussed  in  detail  in  Chapter  145.