RT Book, Section A1 D. Walker, Jennifer A1 Spencer, Philip J. A1 Walzer, Toni B. A1 Cooper, Jeffrey B. A2 Cohn, Lawrence H. A2 Adams, David H. SR Print(0) ID 1144150060 T1 Simulation in Cardiac Surgery T2 Cardiac Surgery in the Adult, 5e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071844871 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1144150060 RD 2024/04/19 AB Of the many developments in cardiothoracic surgery, the introduction of a broad spectrum of simulation techniques for education and training of students and residents as well as ongoing faculty training are among the most exciting and critical for the continued advancement of the specialty. There are increasing demands for safety during training, for training to be more effective and efficient, and have minimal impact on the process of patient care. The productivity of training for physicians has advanced in many ways; simulation is one approach to teaching that offers solutions to challenges in training in general and especially in cardiac surgery. In this chapter, we describe a spectrum of simulation technologies and techniques that are being applied to address these challenges. We also address approaches to using simulation to its greatest effect and speculate about future technologies and applications and how they will be integrated into education at all levels of experience.