RT Book, Section A1 Kazure, Hadiza A1 Lin, Dana A2 Mazer, Laura M. A2 Lagisetty, Kiran A2 Butler, Kathryn L. SR Print(0) ID 1191194162 T1 Endocrine Surgery T2 Pocket Journal Club: Essential Articles in General Surgery YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259587580 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191194162 RD 2024/04/24 AB Prior to the late 1800’s, the function of endocrine glands was unknown. Surgeons excised the thyroid gland for severe goiters, but operative mortality was over 40% due to massive hemorrhage.1 Outcomes for patients who survived the operation were ambiguous, but as neither antisepsis nor the existence of parathyroid glands was recognized, it was unclear whether postoperative mortality reflected infection or organ failure.2